Cuff-Less Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring System Using Pulse Transit Time Techniques

Authors

  • Wan Suhaimizan Wan Zaki University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Johor, MALAYSIA
  • Ricardo Correia University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
  • Serhiy Korposh University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
  • Barrie R Hayes-Gill University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
  • Stephen P Morgan University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM

Keywords:

photoplethysmogram, electrocardiogram, pulse transit time, blood pressure

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a continuous cuff-less blood pressure system based on the pulse transit time (PTT) technique. In this study, PTT is defined by two different approaches denoted as PTT1 and PTT2. PTT1 is the time difference between the R-wave peak of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and the peak of the Photoplethysmogram (PPG). PTT2 is the time difference between two peak PPG signals on same cardiac cycle at different positions on the body. The ECG is acquired on the chest using 3 lead electrodes and a reflection mode optical sensor is deployed on brachial artery and fingertip to monitor the PPGs. These data were synchronized using a National Instruments data acquisition card along with Matlab software for subsequent analysis. A wrist-type cuff-based blood pressure device was used to measure blood pressure on the right hand. Brachial blood pressure was measured on the upper left arm using oscillometric blood pressure monitor. Experiments were conducted by elevating the right hand at different position to investigate variability of PTT under the effects of hydrostatic pressure. Next the variability of PTT due to blood pressure changes during a Valsalva maneuver was investigated. The result shows that the PTT1 is inversely proportional to blood pressure in both experiments. Meanwhile, there is weak correlation between PTT2 and blood pressure measurement which suggests that by excluding the pre-ejection period (PEP) time in PTT calculation may reduce the accuracy of PTT for blood pressure measurement. In conclusion, PTT measurement between ECG and PPG signals has potential to be a reliable technique for cuff-less blood pressure measurement.

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Author Biographies

  • Wan Suhaimizan Wan Zaki, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Johor, MALAYSIA

    Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering
    University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM

    Department of Electronic Engineering
    Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Johor, MALAYSIA

  • Ricardo Correia, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
    Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering
  • Serhiy Korposh, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
    Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering
  • Barrie R Hayes-Gill, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
    Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering
  • Stephen P Morgan, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM
    Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering

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Published

01-04-2016

Issue

Section

Issue on Electrical and Electronic Engineering

How to Cite

Wan Zaki, W. S., Correia, R., Korposh, S., R Hayes-Gill, B., & P Morgan, S. (2016). Cuff-Less Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring System Using Pulse Transit Time Techniques. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 8(1). https://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/1401