In Vitro Apatite Deposition on TiO2 Film Derived from Electro-Chemical Treatment on Ti Substrate under Mixed Acid Electrolyte

Abstract

Anodic oxidation is used to produce thick titania (TiO₂) coating layer in a mixture of acids electrolyte to modify the TiO₂ which is naturally formed on titanium (Ti) with a thickness of only a few nanometers and inert. The TiO₂ coating is then subjected to an in-vitro test to evaluate their bioactivity in simulation body fluid (SBF). In the present work, oxide coatings of TiO₂ were formed on Ti-Cp foil under potentials of 150 V at a current density of 100 mA/cm² for 10 min. Multiple characterization techniques were used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to obtain mineralogical phase, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to obtain surface morphology, water contact angle (WCA) is used to obtain the wettability of the TiO₂, and the chemical absorption of the apatite precipitation was tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the testing results, surface morphology obtained an increased porosity with smaller pore size for TiO₂, formed in mixed acids with higher molar concentration. Crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) was obtained on all mixed solution coatings. Higher apatite precipitation and crystalline were obtained on the TiO₂ coating with strong Ti-O^- and Ti-OH functional groups, porous surface and strong anatase crystalline.