The Journal of Techno-Social is a bi-annually, peer-reviewed journal that addresses both applied and theoretical issues. This journal is published in June and December. The scope encompasses research articles, reviews and commentaries. The primary purpose of this journal is to bridge the diverse and multi-disciplinary nature of social sciences, humanities and quality of life.
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Beyond Entrepreneurial Intention: A Social Capital-Based Conceptual Framework for the Economic Empowerment of University Student Entrepreneurs
Graduate unemployment and underemployment have intensified universities' responsibility to prepare students not only to seek jobs but also to create sustainable economic opportunities. Although much scholarship on student entrepreneurship has examined entrepreneurial intention, less attention has been given to the social and relational processes through which student-led ventures translate entrepreneurial activity into economic empowerment. This conceptual paper addresses this gap by developing a social capital-based framework for the economic empowerment of university student entrepreneurs. Using a narrative conceptual review, the paper synthesises literature on economic empowerment, student entrepreneurship, Social Capital Theory, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and university entrepreneurial support. The framework conceptualises economic empowerment through income generation, financial autonomy, asset accumulation, and economic decision-making control. It proposes that structural, relational, and cognitive social capital enhance students' access to information, trust, legitimacy, shared entrepreneurial meanings, and venture resources. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is positioned as a mediating mechanism through which social capital is converted into empowered entrepreneurial action, while university entrepreneurial support is framed as a moderating condition that strengthens the self-efficacy-empowerment relationship. The paper contributes to higher education and entrepreneurship scholarship by moving beyond intention-based explanations and offering a process-oriented model for understanding why some student entrepreneurs achieve economic empowerment. Practically, it provides universities with guidance for designing entrepreneurial programmes that intentionally build, activate, and sustain students' social capital.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Techno-Social https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Social Determinants of Health Theory and Indigenous Health Equity: A Conceptual Perspective on Orang Asli Communities in Peninsular Malaysia
The health disparities experienced by Orang Asli communities in Peninsular Malaysia constitute one of the most longstanding and complex public health issues in the country. This conceptual article examines the usefulness of the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) theory, as proposed by the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health, as the framework for analysing the health status of Orang Asli populations. Through the application of the Rainbow Model by Dahlgren and Whitehead and the Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health suggested by the WHO Commission, this paper discusses the ways in which health inequities among Orang Asli populations are influenced by structural determinants (socioeconomic position, political governance and historical marginalisation) and intermediary determinants (living conditions, food insecurity and health-care access). In addition, the paper will address how colonial dispossession, loss of ancestral lands and poor policy enforcement influence health vulnerabilities of Orang Asli communities. Based on the intersection of the SDH theory and the indigenous health approach, this paper will demonstrate the importance of using a culturally sensitive and rights-based framework for analyzing health inequalities among Orang Asli populations in Peninsular Malaysia.
Sociology of Disciplining Soul and Society: An Analysis of al-Ghazali’s Ontological and Sociological Approaches of Self and Social Accountability
This study examines al-Ghazali’s ontological and sociological frameworks for disciplining the soul and society through Muhasabah al-Nafs (self-accountability) and ‘Amr bi al-Ma’ruf wa Nahyu ‘an al-Munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil). Drawing from his seminal works, including Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, the research explores how al-Ghazali bridges individual spiritual refinement with collective social responsibility, offering a comprehensive approach to holistic governance in both personal and social domains. The research methodology adopted by the researchers is that of qualitative in nature. It will also employ the textual analysis method to explain the position of the said author and his understanding of the concept. The finding reveals that Muhasabah al-Nafs serves as an introspective mechanism for self regulation, emphasizing continuous self evaluation. It is not possible to realize a good human resource and an ideal social structure by abdicating the disciplinary models set by Islam. Al-Ghazali’s model posits that disciplined individuals form the foundation of a just society as internalized accountability fosters external righteousness. Besides, he has developed a six pronged method of self-discipline and accountability. The present work will focus on how to ensure personality development of an individual through al-Ghazali’s ontological framework of Muhasabah al-Nafs or self introspection. Sociologically, ‘Amr bi al-Ma’ruf functions as a communal duty, ensuring moral coherence through proactive engagement, social criticism and institutional reform. Al-Ghazali balances persuasion and authority, advocating for wisdom (hikmah) and compassion in societal correction. By integrating textual analysis with sociological theory, this paper highlights the relevance of al-Ghazali’s paradigms in contemporary discussions on individual and social responsibility, social activism and holistic leadership. It argues that his dual emphasis on self purification and social reform provides a sustainable model for addressing modern social crises, from individual alienation to collective injustice. The study concludes that al-Ghazali’s synthesis of spiritual discipline and social accountability remains a vital framework for fostering virtuous individuals and harmonious societies. The outcome of the study is to provide a pragmatic roadmap for individual and social upliftment of Muslim Ummah in the light of al-Ghazali’s ontological and sociological framework.
Ontology of self accountability, Sociology of social accountability, Muhasabah al-Nafs, Commanding good and forbidding wrong
Analysis of The Application of SAS (Structural Synthetic Analytics) Method in Initial Writing Ability in Children of Migrant Workers
Initial writing is a foundational literacy skill that enables children to transform oral language, visual recognition, and motor coordination into meaningful written symbols. This study analyzes the application of the Structural Analytical Synthetic (SAS) method in supporting the initial writing ability of children of migrant workers at SB At-Tanzil Kayu Ara, Malaysia. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in Class C, involving 22 students consisting of 10 boys and 12 girls. Data were collected through classroom observation, teacher interviews, student questionnaires, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data collection, reduction, display, and verification. The findings show that students experienced difficulties in distinguishing similar letters, writing complete words, maintaining neatness, and constructing simple sentences. Specifically, 3 students were unable to write A-Z correctly, 10 students were unable to write words accurately, while 9 students were able to write sentences properly. The SAS method was found to be useful because it guides students from meaningful sentence structures to words, syllables, and letters before recombining them into complete forms. The study indicates that structured, contextual, and media-supported writing instruction can strengthen early literacy practices among migrant worker children in non-formal learning settings.
Exploring The Role of Online Identity on Self Identity Among Young Adults in Malaysia
In today’s networked society, social media has become a key platform for identity performance, affecting how individuals perceive and present themselves. To explore the influence of online identity on self-identity among Malaysian young adults, 13 participants aged 18 to 34 were interviewed after being recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The thematic analysis revealed that these young adults perceived their online identity as a curated form of identity, highlighting selective authenticity and curated positivity while concealing unfavourable aspects of themselves. The findings also show that the challenges faced in managing online identities include identity conflict, cultural constraints and misinterpretation within Malaysia’s multicultural context. Furthermore, online identity was found to profoundly impacts self-identity revealing two contradictory outcomes, namely entrapment of self-identity in online validation, where self-worth becomes inseparable from online feedback, and empowerment through online expression that boosting confidence. This research offers a culturally embedded understanding of how cyberspace shapes self-perception among Malaysian young adults. It advances existing digital identity scholarship and provides valuable insights for policymakers, mental health experts, social media designers and educators in promoting safer and more authentic online spaces.
Navigating The Challenges and Best Practices in Sustainable Livestock Production
The livestock sector needs to catch up with the exigency to multiply production in meeting the demand from growing population. With the increasingly scarce natural resources and immense release of pollutants into the environment, there is a need for the industry players to try their best in implementing sustainable livestock practices not only to ensure food security, but also to safeguard the natural resources and reduce the environmental impacts. This paper reviews the challenges faced by the livestock sector, the need for sustainable livestock production, and the best green practices that can be adopted in livestock production to ensure sustainable operation. The challenges in livestock production including food security, resource management, waste management, public health, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission call for sustainable practices to balance between the need for intensification and the environmental impacts. The green practices on waste management, water management and circular economy approaches are also outlined. Adopting sustainable practices within the livestock sector is imperative not only for addressing the growing food demand, but also for ensuring environmental sustainability.
Conservation Efforts and Historical Evolution of Chinese Puppetry in Southeast Asia: Insights from Singapore
Chinese puppetry, particularly Potehi (glove puppetry), holds profound cultural significance within Southeast Asian Chinese communities, serving as a vital bridge between traditional art forms and contemporary identity amid globalisation and disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its rich heritage originating from southern Fujian province and its adaptation across dialect groups (including Hokkien, Henghua, Hainanese, and Teochew communities), scholarly research on Potehi in Malaysia remains limited and fragmented, especially compared to more prevalent studies and collaborative conservation efforts in neighboring Singapore, where active troupes and institutional support have sustained diverse puppet form. This article addresses this research gap by examining Singapore as a model for preservation, drawing on a comprehensive literature review and content analysis of sources from cultural institutions (e.g., National Heritage Board, Roots Singapore) to highlight the historical evolution, active troupes (e.g., Sin Hoe Ping, Jit Guat Sin, San Chun Long), and adaptive strategies (e.g., secular performances, workshops, modernisation of puppets for younger audiences) that counter challenges like dialect erosion and generational decline. Key findings reveal Singapore's robust civil society and institutional efforts through documentation, restoration, outreach, and secular adaptations which have enabled these puppet traditions to persist and evolve despite an aging population and modernization pressures, providing a benchmark for diaspora heritage sustainability. These insights underscore the implications for Malaysia, where ethnic diversity, limited discourse, and reliance on niche groups (e.g., innovative troupes like Ombak Potehi in Penang) fragment conservation. Enhanced academic attention, policy support, and cross-border collaborations could bridge this gap, fostering intergenerational transmission and ensuring Potehi and related forms remain culturally resonant in contemporary society.
Pantang Larang Pemakanan Berkaitan Kesihatan Reproduktif dalam Kalangan Wanita Melayu Berpendidikan Tertier di Kuala Terengganu
Malay: Amalan penjagaan pemakanan merupakan suatu tradisi dalam budaya Melayu yang bertujuan memastikan kesihatan serta kesejahteraan ibu sebelum, semasa dan selepas melahirkan anak. Kajian ini menyelidik bagaimana golongan wanita Melayu mengamalkan pantang larang pemakanan demi menjamin kesejahteraan mereka. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk mengkaji amalan kepercayaan terhadap pantang larang pemakanan berhubung reproduktif dalam kalangan wanita Melayu berpendidikan tertier di Kuala Terengganu. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah temu bual mendalam separa berstruktur sebagai metod utama yang melibatkan tujuh informan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik secara manual bagi mengenal pasti tema utama dalam kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa amalan pantang larang pemakanan melibatkan satu tema utama iaitu amalan tradisi dengan dua subtema iaitu nasihat pantang larang dan larangan pantang larang. Ini menunjukkan faktor budaya dan agama menjadikan golongan wanita Melayu mengamalkan pantang larang pemakanan. Kajian ini dilihat mampu memberikan impak positif kepada golongan wanita berdasarkan pengalaman mereka mengenai pantang larang pemakanan yang diamalkan. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa amalan tradisional ini boleh memberikan kesedaran kepada golongan wanita Melayu melalui pemakanan yang baik bagi mencegah penyakit sebelum, semasa dan selepas hamil. Hasil daripada kajian ini diharapkan penemuan ini dapat membantu dan memperkukuh pemahaman tentang pantang larang pemakanan dalam kalangan wanita Melayu serta menyumbang kepada usaha pemeliharaan warisan budaya tersebut. English: The practice of dietary care is a tradition in Malay culture aimed at ensuring the health and well-being of mothers before, during, and after childbirth. This study investigates how Malay women practice dietary taboos to ensure their well-being. The main objective of the study is to examine the practice of beliefs regarding dietary taboos related to reproduction among tertiary-educated Malay women in Kuala Terengganu. This study uses a qualitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interviews as the main method involving seven informants. The data obtained were analyzed using a manual thematic analysis approach to identify the main themes in dietary taboos. The findings of the study indicate that the practice of dietary taboos involves one main theme, namely traditional practices, with two subthemes: advice on dietary taboos and prohibitions related to dietary taboos. This shows that cultural and religious factors lead Malay women to practice dietary taboos. This study is seen as capable of providing a positive impact on women based on their experiences with the dietary restrictions practiced. The study also found that these traditional practices can raise awareness among Malay women regarding the importance of proper nutrition in preventing ilinesses before, during, and after oregnancy. The results of this study are expected that these findings can help and strengthen the understanding of dietary restrictions among Malay women and contribute to the preservation of that cultural heritage.
Assessing The Face and Content Validity of Questionnaire on the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System within 5S Certified SMEs in Malaysia
This paper presents a comprehensive study on survey instrument design, which includes face and content validity assessments for a newly developed instrument. A set of questionnaires was established as the survey instrument to gain insight into the implementation of occupational safety and health management systems (OSHMS) within 5S (sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain) certified small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, aiming to promote safer and healthier workplaces. The questionnaire consists of 40 items organized into four main constructs: integration of OSHMS and 5S practice, planning and critical success factors, benefits of OSHMS towards SMEs performance, and action for improvement. The validity assessments were conducted through a review by a panel of experts from academia and industry. For face validity, each item underwent evaluation to confirm its alignment with the study's objectives and received a dichotomous rating of either ‘YES’ or ‘NO’. For content validity, a four-point rating scale was employed, ranging from “not relevant” to “highly relevant” to assess how well the items reflect and represent the intended aspect being measured for a specific assessment purpose. These ratings were used to calculate the extent of agreement between raters using a percentage approach and Content Validity Index (CVI). The percentage of agreement obtained for face validity was 80%, indicating a substantial level of agreement among the expert panels, with some questions identified for revision. According to the content validity assessment, the average proportion of items judged as relevant among the six experts (S-CV1/Ave) was 0.96, meeting a satisfactory level. The validity assessments conducted have validated the items in the survey instrument, thereby indicating its readiness for distribution in a pre-test phase.
Occupational safety and health management
Why Financial Knowledge Is Not Enough Behavioral Manipulation and Investment Scam Vulnerability in the Digital Age
Investment scams have become increasingly sophisticated in the digital age, targeting not only inexperienced investors but also educated and financially cautious individuals. While financial literacy is widely promoted as a key defense against fraud, growing evidence suggests that financial knowledge alone may be insufficient to protect individuals from increasingly sophisticated forms of deception. This study examines how investment understanding and behavioral manipulation interact to shape vulnerability to contemporary investment scams. This study employed a qualitative document research design using content analysis. A total of 42 publicly available regulatory reports, enforcement case summaries, and investor protection documents published by major international authorities between 2019 and 2024 were examined. The documents were systematically coded through open and axial coding procedures to identify recurring patterns of investor vulnerability and scammers’ persuasive strategies. The findings reveal two interrelated patterns. First, many victims demonstrated weaknesses in evaluating investment risks, verifying online credentials, and critically assessing promises of extraordinary returns. Second, scammers employed sophisticated behavioral tactics, including personalized communication, emotional engagement, fabricated identities, staged investment gains, and repeated requests for additional deposits to cultivate trust and reinforce commitment. These tactics often undermined rational judgment and influenced decision-making even among individuals possessing a basic level of financial knowledge. The findings suggest that investment scam vulnerability is driven not solely by deficiencies in financial knowledge but by the interaction between cognitive limitations and behavioral manipulation. This study contributes to the growing literature on financial fraud by highlighting the behavioral dimension of investor vulnerability and argues that effective investor protection requires the integration of financial literacy, behavioral awareness, and digital verification competencies within educational initiatives, regulatory interventions, and institutional safeguards.
Understanding the Human-AI Interaction: Psychological and Social Impacts of AI Integration in Daily Life
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how individuals think, feel and interact in daily life. AI technologies now play a central role in supporting decision-making, offering emotional assistance and shaping digital communication. However, the long-term psychological and ethical effects of AI use remain underexplored, particularly in non-technical contexts. This study aims to examine the psychological and social impacts of AI integration through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 68 peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2024. Articles were retrieved from key academic databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The review employed thematic analysis to identify patterns and gaps across studies related to human cognition, emotional behaviour and social dynamics. Findings reveal four major concerns. AI usage often leads to cognitive offloading, where users become less reliant on their own judgment. Emotionally, users may form attachments to AI systems despite their lack of true empathy. On a social level, AI algorithms can reinforce selective exposure, limit diverse viewpoints and contribute to echo chambers. Ethical issues also persist, especially involving bias and unequal access to AI resources. This review offers a novel, human-centred perspective by linking psychological theory with technological impacts which is an angle often overlooked in AI discourse. It calls for more inclusive and ethically guided AI development, as well as interdisciplinary and longitudinal research that can better inform policy and system design. Ultimately, the study contributes strategic insight for ensuring AI enhances human well-being without undermining autonomy, equity or social trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Techno-Social https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Safety Climate and Motivation as Predictors of Safety Behaviours in Malaysia's Electrical Industry
Although safety behaviour is vital for preventing fatalities in high-risk industries such as the electrical utility sector, the extent to which organisational factors influence these behaviours remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of safety motivation and safety milieu on employees’ safety behaviours within Malaysia’s largest electrical utility organisation, focusing on both regulatory compliance and active participation in safety initiatives. Grounded in motivational theories, behavioural safety models, and organisational climate theory, this research explores how personal drive and safety perceptions shape workplace behaviour. A quantitative research approach was adopted, employing a structured questionnaire to assess six dimensions of safety climate: supervision, focus on safety, communication and feedback, recognition, coworker support, and training. Safety motivation, comprising both intrinsic and extrinsic aspects, and safety behaviours, including compliance and participation, were measured concurrently. Data were analysed using IBM-SPSS-AMOS 24.0. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure was conducted to validate the constructs for validity and reliability and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) procedure was employed to model and estimate the interrelationship parameters among the constructs in the structural model. The study found supervision, communication, and training are significant predictors of safety motivation, leading to greater compliance and proactive engagement in safety initiatives. Co-worker support and recognition also contributed, albeit indirectly. Academically, the study extends existing safety climate literature by clarifying the mediating role of motivation in linking organisational climate to employee behaviour. Practically, the findings highlight that supervisory support, transparent communication, and continuous training are crucial strategies for fostering a positive safety climate and promoting safer workplace behaviours in Malaysia’s energy sector.
Constructing an Islamic-Based Medical Worldview
While many muslim majority countries have launched initiatives such as Islamic input in medical curriculum, Ibadah-Friendly Hospitals and Shariah-Compliant Hospitals to embed Islamic values in healthcare, modern medicine continues to be dominated by secular worldview. This paper argues that the integration of Islamic principles into medicine has largely been superficial because it is not founded upon an Islamic worldview (tasawwur). The result is worldview fragmentation, what may be called conceptual chaos between Islamic creeds and medical practice. This study constructs an Islamic-based medical worldview through qualitative research and document analysis. The framework reconstructs the foundations of medicine around seven key elements, that is Islamic creed (tauhidic), role (khilafah), knowledge, worship, ethics, God presence (Ihsan), and purpose. This study propose tasawwur as the foundation layer above existing hospital initiatives, forming a three-tier model that integrates worldview, regulation, and operation. This paper concludes that genuine Islamization of medicine must begin with worldview reconstruction rather than ethical or operational addition.
Strategi Pemerkasaan Wanita ke Arah Pencapaian Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 2030: Kajian Fenomenologi Pembuat Keputusan Pangsapuri Mampu Milik
Malay: Penglibatan wanita sebagai pembuat keputusan merupakan mekanisme yang signifikan untuk mendukung agenda Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 2030. Namun, tahap penglibatan wanita sebagai pembuat keputusan khususnya di peringkat komuniti masih rendah. Justeru, objektif utama kertas kerja ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti strategi memperkasakan wanita sebagai pembuat keputusan di peringkat komuniti berdasarkan konteks jawatankuasa pengurusan pangsapuri mampu milik di Selangor. Jawatankuasa pengurusan pangsapuri mampu milik berfungsi sebagai entiti pembuat keputusan melalui peruntukan Akta Pengurusan Strata 2013 [Akta 757]. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomonologi melalui kaedah temu bual mendalam bersama ahli jawatankuasa pengurusan wanita. Sumbangan baharu kajian ini terletak pada penghasilan strategi pemerkasaan wanita yang berasaskan pengalaman hidup dan tafsiran makna informan dalam konteks tadbir urus pangsapuri mampu milik. Hal ini berbeza daripada kajian terdahulu yang lebih menumpukan kepada bidang politik dan korporat serta cenderung menggunakan pendekatan teori. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa strategi tersebut merangkumi tiga domain utama iaitu peluang, kesedaran dan ruang mental seperti yang dihuraikan dalam kerangka Gressel et al. (2020). Cadangan strategi ini menyumbang kepada usaha memperkukuh penglibatan wanita dalam mencapai Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 2030 di peringkat komuniti. English: Women’s participation as decision-makers constitutes a significant mechanism in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. However, the level of women’s involvement as decision-makers, particularly at the community level, remains low. This paper aims to identify strategies for empowering women as decision-makers within the context of management committees of affordable housing in Selangor. These committees function as key decision-making entities under the Strata Management Act 2013 [Act 757]. The phenomenological approach is employed in this present study, utilising in-depth interviews with female management committee members for data collection. This study is fundamentally notable in the development of empowerment strategy that is constructed based on the lived experiences and the afforded interpretations of meaning by informants in the context of affordable housing management governance. The context is distinctively different from prior studies that emphasized more on political and corporate sectors that are rooted on theoretical approaches. Findings from this study reveal that the strategy encompasses three main domains namely; opportunities, awareness, and mental space as outlined in Gressel et al. (2020). These strategies contribute to strengthening women’s participation in decision-making and support the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 at the community level.
UUM College of Law, Government and International Studies Kerajaan
The Impact of Climate-Induced Resource Conflicts on Arms Proliferation
This study explores the complex interplay between climate change, resource scarcity, and the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in Northwestern Nigeria, a region deeply affected by environmental stressors. As climate change exacerbates desertification, irregular rainfall, and shrinking agricultural viability, competition for vital resources such as land and water has intensified, leading to violent conflicts, particularly between farmers and pastoralists. These conflicts, driven by climate-induced stressors and socio-economic inequalities, have escalated the need for small arms, which are increasingly used for self-defense, territorial assertion, and survival. Drawing on Ecological Theory and Conflict Resolution Theory, this research identifies the key factors driving SALWs proliferation, including poor border security, local arms manufacturing, political marginalization, and unemployment. The study demonstrates how the porosity of borders and the weakness of security forces facilitate the illicit flow of weapons, while socio-political factors, such as ethnic divisions and political thuggery, further exacerbate the proliferation of small arms. Through a detailed analysis of these drivers, the study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that address both the environmental and socio-political roots of conflict. The findings emphasize the importance of strengthening border security, implementing climate-resilient resource management, and promoting inclusive conflict resolution mechanisms at the local level. Recommendations also call for a concerted effort to tackle poverty, unemployment, and marginalization, while enhancing regional cooperation and governance reforms to reduce the proliferation of SALWs and promote long-term peace and stability in climate-affected conflict zones. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on climate change, armed violence, and national security, offering valuable insights for policymakers and security experts seeking to address the multifaceted challenges of small arms proliferation in the context of climate-induced resource conflicts.
Integrasi Kompetensi Sosio Emosi dan Tingkah Laku dalam Pendidikan Era Digital: Kajian Literatur Sistematik melalui Model EBSCOM
Malay: Kajian ini meneroka integrasi kompetensi sosio emosi dan tingkah laku dalam pendidikan era digital, di mana persekitaran seharian dan pembelajaran berasaskan teknologi menawarkan peluang dan cabaran terhadap kesejahteraan pelajar. Satu kajian literatur sistematik telah dijalankan mengikut garis panduan PRISMA 2020 dengan mensintesis bukti daripada 15 kajian yang disemak rakan sebaya yang dikenal pasti melalui carian antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025, dengan kajian yang dimasukkan diterbitkan antara 2023 hingga 2025. Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana kompetensi sosio emosi dan tingkah laku boleh diterapkan melalui model EBSCOM dalam sistem pendidikan, melalui empat domain iaitu emosi, tingkah laku, sosial dan kontekstual. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa program kesihatan mental digital dan intervensi kesihatan tidur meningkatkan hasil emosi, manakala strategi pembelajaran kendiri meningkatkan prestasi akademik apabila disokong oleh reka bentuk kursus yang berkesan. Sokongan sosial mengurangkan tekanan psikologi namun buli siber kekal sebagai risiko yang signifikan. Faktor institusi seperti kebolehpercayaan platform, penjajaran dasar dan literasi AI sangat mempengaruhi penglibatan dan daya tahan. Model EBSCOM menawarkan kerangka berstruktur untuk menyelaraskan kurikulum, pembangunan pendidik dan sokongan institusi bagi memupuk kesejahteraan holistik. Implikasi termasuk keperluan dasar proaktif, integrasi pembelajaran kendiri dan literasi AI dalam kurikulum serta sokongan psikologi yang disasarkan. Penyelidikan masa depan perlu memberi tumpuan kepada strategi pelaksanaan, kesaksamaan akses dan peranan literasi AI dalam mengekalkan integriti akademik. English: This study explores the integration of socio-emotional and behavioral competencies in education in the digital era, where everyday environments and technology-based learning present both opportunities and challenges to students’ well-being. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizing evidence from 15 peer-reviewed studies identified through searches conducted between 2020 and 2025, with included studies published between 2023 and 2025. The review examines how socio-emotional and behavioral competencies can be embedded within the education system through the EBSCOM model, across four domains: emotional, behavioral, social, and contextual. Findings indicate that digital mental health programs and sleep health interventions improve emotional outcomes, while self-directed learning strategies enhance academic performance when supported by effective course design. Social support reduces psychological distress; however, cyberbullying remains a significant risk. Institutional factors—such as platform reliability, policy alignment, and AI literacy—strongly influence engagement and resilience. The EBSCOM model provides a structured framework for aligning curriculum, educator development, and institutional support to foster holistic well-being. Implications include the need for proactive policies, integration of self-directed learning and AI literacy into the curriculum, and targeted psychological support. Future research should focus on implementation strategies, equity of access, and the role of AI literacy in sustaining academic integrity.
e-Government Towards Organizational Performance of Malaysia Local Authority: Mediating Effect Information Technology (IT) Capability
This study proposes electronic government (e-Government) conceptual model to determine the effect of e-Government toward local government performance while investigating the mediating roles of organizational IT capability. By examining the gaps from the prior research, this study intends to answer question about the association among electronic Government, organizational IT capability and organizational performance. The theory of Resources Based View (RBV) is used as a guiding theory to support the proposed conceptual framework. The model was tested using valid and reliable data gathered from a sample of 87 survey forms out of 149 survey forms was passed out to Local Authority in Malaysia. This study uses partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test and validate the research model and proposed hypotheses. Finding indicates that the organizational performance is not significantly influenced by e-Government. More importantly, the analysis revealed that IT capability plays a mediating role between variable e-Government and outcome variable organisation performance. It is anticipated that the results of this study will expand the body of knowledge in government studies.
e-Government, Malaysia Local Authority, Organizational IT Capability
Exploring Metaverse Adoption Intentions among Nigerian Media Organisations
The Metaverse presents significant opportunities for transforming media practices and audience engagement, particularly in emerging markets like Nigeria. This study examines the willingness of Nigerian media houses to adopt Metaverse technologies by integrating insights from the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Metaverse Technology (UTAUMT). Through a survey of media professionals, key factors influencing adoption intention were identified, including performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Findings showed despite the technical and infrastructural issues encountered, Metaverse comes with critical opportunities that can be leveraged for dynamic advertising, virtual events and immersive storytelling. Theoretically, the study contributes to the systematisation of ideas in respect of the relevance of Metaverse especially in relations to adoption and acceptance technology. From a practical perspective, findings of the study can be relied upon to take decisions on adoption and use of Metaverse across industries. This study offers the need for strategic integration and makes case of addressing organisational barriers and cultural issues while efforts are made to foster innovation in fast-paced digitised Nigerian media landscape.
Information and Communication Technologies in Media
The Effect of Techno-Stress on Labour Management Relations
The rapid infusion of technology into the workplace has created a paradox in human resource management practice. As a result, there is a growing need to explore how techno-stress influences these relationships. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of techno-stress on labor-management relations. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. The target population comprised 319 employees of the Kwara State Internal Revenue Service (KW-IRS). A sample size of 178 samples was determined via Krejcie and Morgan's sample size formula while random sampling technique was used. The finding reveals that techno-stress significantly undermines labour–management relations, which positively influence organizational performance, while techno-stress shows no significant effect on employees’ work–life balance. The study concluded that techno-stress can lead to psychological and physical strain. It is then recommended that organizations should encourage a healthy work-life balance and introduce stress management programs and resources.
Work-Life Balance, Labor Management Relations, Organizational Performance, Technology, Techno-Stress.
Transformational Leadership as A Catalyst For Good Governance and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Transformational leadership has increasingly been recognized as a crucial mechanism for promoting effective governance and sustainable development, particularly in developing democracies such as Nigeria. This paper examined the significance of transformational leadership in strengthening good governance and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study specifically addressed the persistent challenges of institutional inefficiency, policy inconsistency, and weak adherence to ethical principles of equity, transparency, and accountability among successive political administrations. Although existing literature acknowledges the relevance of transformational leadership, insufficient attention has been given to its integrative capacity in addressing governance deficits and developmental challenges in Nigeria. The study adopted transformational leadership theory as its analytical framework in order to identify an appropriate leadership approach capable of fostering good governance and sustainable national development. Data for the study were collected from secondary sources, including scholarly publications, official reports, and relevant documented materials. Findings revealed that successive political leadership in Nigeria has been characterized by policy inconsistencies and inadequate developmental commitment, largely resulting from the absence of motivational inspiration and visionary leadership capable of stimulating collective national transformation. The study further found that transformational leadership possesses the capacity to promote inclusiveness, enhance institutional effectiveness, encourage productivity, and strengthen mechanisms for sustainable development. The paper concluded that redefining political leadership through transformational leadership principles is essential for achieving radical transformation, good governance, and sustainable national progress in Nigeria. Consequently, the study recommends the adoption of transformational leadership approaches that emphasize inclusivity, accountability, individual consideration, and enduring solutions to developmental challenges across the country.
Regulatory Framework of Fintech Ecosystem for Mobile Money Operator Performance in Nigeria
The mobile money operator's explosive growth and evolution have had a big impact on how mobile money firms operate. It is still unclear, though, exactly how the fintech ecosystem and the organizational effectiveness of mobile money operators are related and how the adoption of Fintech solutions by mobile money operators will impact its growth. Hence, this study examines the impact of regulatory framework of fintech ecosystem on the performance of mobile money operators. Specific objectives are to; assess the impact of external guidelines, data privacy laws, and consumer protection measures on the growth of mobile money operators. A descriptive case study was used to assess 386 mobile money operators’ employees across 15 fintech mobile money firms which were selected through Multi stage sampling. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data collected for the study. The findings of the study revealed that regulatory framework of fintech ecosystem dimensions; Data Privacy Laws (β=0.336, t=5.951, p<0.001), External Guidelines (β=0.292, t=5.292, p<0.001), and Consumer Protection Measures (β=0.256, t=4.814, p<0.001) all demonstrate positive significant influence on growth of mobile money operators. The study concluded that regulatory framework of fintech ecosystem has positive significant effect on mobile money operator performance. It therefore recommended among others that mobile money operators should implement comprehensive data privacy frameworks to enhance privacy-focused initiatives, including regular security audits, data protection training, and privacy-by-design implementations.
Trumpism and The Global Challenge to Decolonization: Reflections from Southeast Asia
This article explores the global implications of Trumpism as a political and ideological phenomenon and its impact on the ongoing challenges of decolonization, specifically focusing on Southeast Asia. Drawing on qualitative analysis of secondary sources, including political speeches, policy documents, media narratives, and scholarly literature, this study situates Trumpism within a broader resurgence of right-wing populism and neo-imperial rhetoric. While Trumpism is rooted in the American context, its discursive and ideological reach has resonated globally, often reinforcing colonial legacies and obstructing decolonial aspirations in formerly colonized regions. In Southeast Asia, these influences manifest in renewed nationalist movements, anti-globalist rhetoric, and a retreat from critical postcolonial engagement. By examining how Trumpist narratives circulate and take root in Southeast Asian political discourse, this article highlights the complex entanglements between global populism and regional struggles for epistemic and political sovereignty. The study contributes to decolonial scholarship by emphasizing the need for sustained critical reflection on how external political ideologies affect local trajectories of postcolonial development. This study underscores how global populist ideologies can obstruct efforts toward epistemic sovereignty and national self-determination in postcolonial societies.
Trumpism, Decolonization, Southeast Asia, Postcolonial Studies, Political Discourse
The Influence of Board Diversity on Directors’ Networks and Corporate Risk-Taking: A Systematic Review
Board diversity is increasingly acknowledged as a cornerstone for enhancing the strategic decision-making capabilities of directors' networks, particularly in the context of corporate risk-taking. This systematic literature review aims to systematically investigate the influence of board diversity on directors’ networks and corporate risk-taking. The key issue highlighted is the need for an updated and structured review to deepen understanding of how board diversity affects directors’ networks and corporate risk-taking. To achieve this objective, an extensive search was conducted for scholarly articles within prominent databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on studies published between 2024 and 2025. The study adheres to the PRISMA framework for systematic reviews, which yielded twenty-one (n=21) final primary data articles for analysis. The findings are thematically classified into two themes: (1) directors’ networks influence corporate risk-taking, and (2) board diversity influences directors’ networks and corporate risk-taking. The analysis reveals that board gender diversity (BGD) and board ethnicity diversity (BEG) on board diversity moderate the relationship between directors’ networks and corporate risk-taking, depending on the company’s context, governance architecture, and external institutional pressures. In conclusion, strategically integrating board diversity into the corporate risk-taking framework while leveraging directors’ networks cultivates inclusive and accountable decision-making practices.
Big Five Personality Traits of Extraversion and Neuroticism, and Risky Driving Behavior of Malaysian Drivers
Majority of traffic accidents had human involvement, and attitudes that contributed to risky driving behavior were impacted by personality traits. Few research, however, have looked at each Big 5 Personality's impact on risky driving behavior separately. Furthermore, the results on extraversion and neuroticism as the Big 5 Personality characteristics of their predictive usefulness were conflicting and ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to determine how extraversion and neuroticism affect the ability of Malaysian highway drivers to predict risky driving behavior. The study employed a quantitative survey method, and 311 usable questionnaires were collected from the motorists using the highway intercept techniques. Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modelling was used in the data analysis. Risky driving behavior was found to be positively and significantly correlated with extraversion and neuroticism. These findings provided an empirical basis to develop evidence-based road safety measures on the personality traits of motorcar drivers. To increase traffic and road safety, it is crucial to be able to recognise and anticipate the characteristics of risky driving in human behavior.
Tadbir Urus Pembangunan Masyarakat Berbilang Etnik: Sebuah Sorotan Tematik
Malay: Tadbir urus pembangunan penting dalam konteks pengurusan kepelbagaian etnik kerana wujudnya persaingan untuk mendapatkan sumber dan status sosial dalam masyarakat. Terdapat pelbagai faktor tadbir urus pembangunan dalam masyarakat berbilang etnik yang mampu memberi kesan kepada kejayaan proses pertumbuhan negara. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor menyeluruh tadbir urus pembangunan dalam masyarakat berbilang etnik melalui kaedah sorotan tematik berdasarkan kajian yang telah dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017-2022. Artikel ini menggunakan garis panduan PRISMA untuk memilih dan menyemak keputusan kajian lepas secara sistematik. Hasil artikel ini penting untuk membangunkan rangka kerja tadbir urus pembangunan yang komprehensif dalam menguruskan masyarakat berbilang etnik. Sorotan tematik artikel ini telah menunjukkan bahawa faktor penglibatan merupakan faktor utama dalam pengurusan masyarakat pelbagai etnik di samping faktor pengurusan politik, desentralisasi serta peranan institusi kerajaan. English: Governance of development is crucial in managing ethnic diversity, as competition for resources and social status often arises within multi-ethnic societies. Various governance factors can significantly influence the success of a nation’s development process. Therefore, this article aims to identify the overarching factors of development governance in multi-ethnic societies through a thematic review of studies conducted between 2017 and 2022. This article adopts the PRISMA guidelines to systematically select and review previous research findings. The outcomes of this review are vital for developing a comprehensive governance framework for managing multi-ethnic communities. The thematic review highlights that community engagement is the primary factor in managing multi-ethnic societies, alongside political management, decentralization, and the role of governmental institutions.
Examining the Relationship between Employee Well-Being and Retention with Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction among Generation Z
The employee turnover rate increases drastically. Since employee turnover is rising drastically, keeping current employees is essential to the success of an organization. Employee well-being is an essential factor of retention, particularly for Generation Z, who frequently want workplaces that are flexible. However, because of Industry 4.0, a lot of organizations are moving to digital workplaces. Employee morale, productivity, and general performance are all negatively impacted by job or well-being dissatisfaction, which increases turnover. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between employee well-being and employee retention with mediating effect of job satisfaction in digital workplace among Generation Z. The employee well-being factors is measured based on PERMA theory. The targeted respondents for this study are Generation Z who are working at manufacturing industries in Johor Bahru. Data was collected and analyzed quantitatively using Preacher and Hayes mediation analysis, SPSS, and Spearman correlation. The findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between employee retention and employee well-being and mediated by job satisfaction. Data was collected and analyzed quantitatively using Preacher and Hayes mediation analysis, SPSS, and Spearman correlation. This research offers useful insights on how well-being efforts might enhance job satisfaction and retention for stakeholders, including manufacturing industries and Generation Z employees.
Success Factors of Malaysian eBay Entrepreneurs: Skills, Attitudes and Strategies for Digital Growth
The focus is on digital entrepreneurship in Malaysia with specific reference to eBay site, the purpose of the study being to precise the skills, attitudes and strategies that enhance the success of those involved in the business. Even though the Malaysian DKN 2030 (full) and MyDIGITAL projects recognize digital entrepreneurship as a hope for the country’s economy growth, only some of the eBay entrepreneurs in Malaysia may be recognized as ‘Top Rated Sellers’. This research uses qualitative research technique and conducts a series of semi-structured interviews with 10 Malaysian eBay successes. The research evidence suggests that ability to manage stock control, integrated tools in the internet and social networks like SEO (full), and the employees’ favorable personality attributes like perseverance and lobbying. Also, proper use of e-marketing techniques and strong brand image are some of the critical success factors that yielded demonstrated positive outcomes. The result of this research opens the way into theory, practice, and policy, it does open pathways where entrepreneurs require adequate programs and training programs for getting better results. As for the suggestions for the future studies, they include the investigation of social networks, the impact of AI and blockchain on them, as well as the quantitative methods to enhance the understanding of this subject.
e-Business, eBay, Internet Marketing, Stock Management, Success Factors
Tahap Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Jurusan Sains Politik Terhadap Istilah Diplomasi dalam Bahasa Melayu
Malay: Urusan diplomatik kini melibatkan rakyat yang ingin mengetahui perkembangan hubungan Malaysia dengan negara lain serta isu-isu antarabangsa. Kerajaan sering mengeluarkan kenyataan rasmi dalam dua bahasa, iaitu bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris ke pelbagai medium. Istilah-istilah diplomatik mesti diterjemahkan dengan tepat ke dalam bahasa Melayu untuk pemahaman rakyat. Objektif pertama kajian ini ialah mengenal pasti istilah-istilah diplomasi dalam bahasa Melayu. Selain itu, kajian ini juga ingin menganalisis tahap pengetahuan pelajar jurusan Sains Politik terhadap istilah diplomasi dalam bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah campuran yang terdiri daripada kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Borang soal selidik digunakan dalam kajian dan disebarkan secara dalam talian kepada para responden. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa tahap pengetahuan para pelajar terhadap istilah diplomasi dalam bahasa Melayu pada tahap yang sederhana. Hal ini demikian kerana, penggunaan istilah-istilah ini amat terhad dan sering digunakan dalam situasi formal. Oleh itu, pendedahan istilah ini dalam bahasa Melayu tidak begitu meluas dalam kalangan rakyat serta perlu diberi perhatian oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. English: Diplomatic affairs now involve the public, who wish to know about the development of Malaysia's relations with other countries and international issues. The government frequently issues official statements in two languages, namely Malay and English, through various media. Diplomatic terms must be accurately translated into Malay for the public's understanding. The first objective of this study is to identify diplomatic terms in the Malay language. In addition, this study also aims to analyze the level of knowledge of Political Science students regarding diplomatic terms in Malay. This study employs a mixed-method approach, which includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. A questionnaire survey was used in the study and distributed online to the respondents. The results show that the students' level of knowledge regarding diplomatic terms in Malay is at a moderate level. This is due to the limited use of these terms, which are often used in formal situations. Therefore, the exposure of these terms in Malay is not widespread among the public and needs to be given more attention by all segments of society.
diplomatik, Bahasa Melayu, Sains Politik, istilah, pemahaman
Syed Ismail Idlan Aidid Syed Mohd Suhaimi
Simbol “Mayau” dan “Ukui” dalam Sempama Jaku Iban Berdasarkan Perspektif Semantik Inkuisitif
Malay: Kajian ini menganalisis dua peribahasa Iban, "Baka mayau ngelamun tai" dan "Baka ukui nyalak bukit," menggunakan pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif (SI) yang diperkenalkan oleh Jalaluddin (2014). Pendekatan ini meneroka makna tersurat dan tersirat peribahasa dalam konteks budaya masyarakat Iban, dengan menumpukan kepada hubungan antara bahasa, kognisi, dan budaya. Data diperoleh daripada buku "Sempama Jaku Iban" oleh Umping (2010) dan wawancara berstruktur dengan lima informan yang mahir dalam tradisi masyarakat Iban. Peribahasa "Baka mayau ngelamun tai" menggambarkan percubaan menyembunyikan kesalahan, manakala "Baka ukui nyalak bukit" melambangkan tindakan yang sia-sia. Dalam peribahasa ini, mayau/kucing dan ukui/anjing digunakan sebagai metafora tingkah laku manusia. Sifat kucing yang menimbus najis mencerminkan usaha menyembunyikan kesalahan yang akhirnya diketahui, sementara sifat anjing yang menyalak bukit melambangkan tenaga yang tidak digunakan dengan bijak. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Iban menggunakan pemerhatian terhadap sifat haiwan untuk mencipta peribahasa yang sarat dengan nilai moral dan sosial, yang seterusnya mencerminkan keintelektualan mereka dalam mengaitkan sifat alam dengan pengalaman manusia. Kajian ini menegaskan kepentingan peribahasa dalam melestarikan akal budi masyarakat Iban dan memperluas aplikasi pendekatan SI dalam kajian linguistik bahasa sukuan. Penemuan ini mengukuhkan peranan peribahasa sebagai alat pemindahan nilai budaya, norma sosial, dan falsafah kehidupan. Pendekatan SI membolehkan analisis yang holistik, tidak hanya dari sudut semantik tetapi juga aspek pragmatik yang relevan dengan konteks sosial. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman budaya Iban dan membuka ruang kepada kajian lanjut dalam linguistik bahasa sukuan, sekali gus memperkayakan warisan budaya global. English: This study analyzes two Iban proverbs, "Baka mayau ngelamun tai" and "Baka ukui nyalak bukit," using the Semantic Inquisitive (SI) approach introduced by Jalaluddin (2014). This approach explores explicit and implicit meanings of the proverbs within the cultural context of the Iban community. Data were sourced from "Sempama Jaku Iban" by Umping (2010) and structured interviews with five knowledgeable Iban informants. "Baka mayau ngelamun tai" reflects attempts to conceal faults, while "Baka ukui nyalak bukit" symbolizes futile actions. Cats and dogs serve as metaphors for human behaviors in these proverbs. The cat’s act of burying feces represents efforts to hide wrongdoings, albeit unsuccessfully, while the dog’s barking at a hill illustrates wasted energy. These findings highlight the Iban community’s creativity in linking animal traits to human experiences, embedding moral and social values within their proverbs. This study emphasizes the role of proverbs in preserving the intellectual heritage of the Iban community while extending the application of SI in minority language studies. The findings strengthen the understanding of Iban cultural practices and underline the significance of language as a medium for cultural values, social norms, and philosophical insights relevant to modern society.
Exploring Passenger Loyalty: A Perspective Through Expectancy Theory in Public Transport Usage
The paper discusses the application of Expectancy Theory in understanding and improving passenger loyalty in public transportation systems. Expectancy Theory, originally developed by Victor Vroom in 1964, is a psychological framework that explains how individuals' expectations influence their decision-making processes and behavior. The paper emphasizes the importance of three key components of the theory: expectancy (the belief that effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (the belief that performance will result in desired outcomes) and valence (the value placed on those outcomes). By applying Expectancy Theory to public transportation, it explores how aligning service quality with passenger expectations can enhance passenger satisfaction and loyalty. Factors such as comfort, responsiveness, facilities, safety, ticketing systems and information provision are identified as critical components of service quality that influence passenger experiences. The paper argues that public transportation providers can improve passenger loyalty by ensuring that passengers perceive a clear connection between their efforts (e.g., choosing a service) and the rewards (e.g., reliable and comfortable transportation). It concludes that a strategic approach that incorporates Expectancy Theory can lead to systematic improvements in public transportation, resulting in higher passenger satisfaction, increased loyalty, and more efficient use of resources. This approach not only benefits transportation providers but also enhances the overall passenger experience and contributes to the development of more reliable and user-friendly public transportation systems.