Khan MNA, Mohd. Norzali Haji Mohd, Tasiransurini Ab Rahman, Nuzhat Khan, Muhammed Paend Bakht. Pothole Detection and Classification Using Enhanced EfficientNet Optimized by Advanced Manta-Ray Algorithm. IJIE. 2025;17(5):402-421. Accessed April 9, 2026. https://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/21683