Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment
Recent Trend in Civil Engineering and Built Environment (RTCEBE) is an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed Periodical Proceeding published by Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The main objective of RTCEBE is to promote and exchange ideas between researchers and provide the intellectual platform for sharing their knowledge in civil engineering and built environment field.
Effect of Weather on Vehicles Speed (Case Study at KM23 FT050)
Statistical methods are utilized in this research to understand vehicle speed on KM 23 FT050, based on rainy and sunny weather. The data was collected on the speed of 100 vehicles that were present on the roads on the rainy and sunny days which included cars, motorcycles and trucks. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation were calculated to analyze the speed variations among different vehicle types. Hypothesis testing confirmed that vehicles travel faster on sunny days, with a significant difference in speed between the two weather conditions. Furthermore, ANOVA tests showed that while speeds were roughly the same for all vehicle types in sunny weather, they varied significantly for different vehicle types in rainy conditions. The research draws particular attention on the possible effects of weather on driving speeds and implications in managing traffic on Jalan Kluang in a way that improves road safety.
Copyright (c) 2025 Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment
Prioritizing marine water pollution factors for marine transportation using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP): A case study of Port Klang
Marine transportation is essential to global trade but significantly contributes to marine water pollution, particularly in Port Klang. This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize factors affecting marine pollution, such as chemical pollution, biological pollution, physical disturbance, antifouling paints, waste disposal, and regulation. AHP reveals chemical pollution and physical disturbances as the most critical contributors, followed by waste disposal. The findings provide policymakers with valuable insights for resource allocation and pollution mitigation, showcasing AHP's effectiveness in addressing marine pollution and promoting sustainable maritime practices.
Pedestrian Safety During Road Construction Works Along Federal Route (F050)
This study assesses the low level of safety of Federal Route (F050) in the Parit Raja area, specifically within road construction zones for pedestrian road users. It addresses the research gap regarding pedestrian safety during road construction works by examining the level of safety of the road according to pedestrian road users, as well as their behaviors. The objectives include determining pedestrians’ perception towards facility safety, facility convenience, vehicle speed, and pedestrians’ behavior when using the road according to the perceived safety and convenience levels, with recommendations for improvement. Data gathered from a survey conducted digitally and distributed to 150 pedestrian road users in Parit Raja were analyzed using SPSS. The findings highlighted significant concerns and the need for improved safety measures to protect pedestrians, suggesting potential areas for further research and development in pedestrian safety protocols and construction practices.
Road Constructions, Road Safety, Pedestrian Safety
Evaluation of Traffic Performance due to Closing Access to Private Vehicles on Pintu Besar Selatan Street for Mass Transportation (Case Study: Pancoran Street, West Jakarta Administrative City)
To expand the implementation of a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) in the Kota Tua area by restricting vehicles passing on Pintu Besar Selatan Street to only Transjakarta buses and diverting private vehicles to Pancoran Street, which is a commercial area and there is parking on the road which hinders the smooth flow of traffic. This study aims to analyze the effect of traffic performance on Pancoran Street due to the diversion of private vehicles from Pintu Besar Selatan Street in the planning year and alternative solution and parking characteristics on Pancoran Street. This research focuses on the evaluation of road performance and analysis of parking characteristics using Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023), PTV Vissim, and Parking Facility Planning and Operation Guidelines 1998. Based on the analysis in the alternative problem solving for the planning year 2029, the implementation of odd-even and off-street parking has an effect on traffic performance, which has improved significantly by reducing the level of service (LOS) value was originally D for Pancoran Street Lane I and Lane II to C in Lane I and B in Lane II, reducing the average delay from 2,03 seconds originally to 1,95 seconds and increasing the network speed from 15,89 km/hour originally to 34,33 km/hour. The results of the parking analysis show that the parking space requirement is 18 SRP at the 00-corner parking and 29 SRP at the 600-corner parking, which means that the land is still able to accommodate, furthermore the parking changes often hinder the smooth flow of traffic. The recommendation that can be given is that it is necessary to implement alternative solutions to improve city traffic immediately and it can reduce air quality problems.
Laboratory Investigation on Enhancing Stiffness Performance of Garnet Modified Hot Mix Asphalt
Due to many high stress on the pavement, the asphalt road is exposed to numerous strains, which results in numerous defects and cracks. Road users face numerous issues as a result of these flaws, including discomfort and decreased safety. All types of pavement require regular maintenance due to several factors such as temperature changes, overload, and the impact of precipitation from the weather. This paper presents a pavement stiffness assessment incorporating garnet in hot mixture asphalt. Garnet is a group of complex silicate minerals with similar crystalline structures and diverse chemical compositions, and its properties such as angular fractures and relatively high hardness, specific gravity and resistance to degradation make it desirable for many industrial applications. In order to evaluate the performance of garnet as replacement of fine aggregate in Hot-Mix Asphalt, the Marshall mix design AC-14 was employed with proportions of garnet used 0%, 5%,15% and 25%. A total of 60 samples were investigate through Marshall stability and flow test. It is anticipated that the replacement of fine particles in hot-mix asphalt mixtures with garnet increased the stiffness of the pavements, and the increased traffic volume, loading, and variable weather conditions may be managed by the better-quality asphalt pavements.
Perception of Road Users and Stakeholders Towards Traffic Management Plan at Work Zone Area
The rapid development of Malaysia today contributes towards an increase in road users. High traffic on the highway and construction of road upgrading and maintenance work have a high risk of accidents. Therefore, a perfect and efficient traffic management plan must be enhanced to avoid road accidents. An efficient traffic management plan can ensure that traffic runs smoothly at an acceptable level while reducing the risk of road accidents. This study aims to evaluate the comprehension and implementation of the parties directly involved in the traffic management plan during road construction, upgrading work, or repairs as well as road users. This will be achieved through a well-structured questionnaire. This study case is carried out along the Projek Menaiktaraf Laluan 7 Persimpangan Lencongan Barat Ke Persimpangan Simpang Tiga Kemboja, Kedah Darul Aman is about 14.3 km long. The study indicates that those responsible for road construction (upgrading and maintenance work) have a good understanding of the Traffic Management Plan and follow the guidelines provided in the Arahan Teknik Jalan (ATJ) 2C/85 Pindaan 2017 (Manual on Traffic Control Devices). Moreover, the study reveals that road users are satisfied with the Traffic Management Plan carried out during the construction work.
Arahan Teknik Jalan (ATJ) 2C/85 Pindaan 2017
Traffic Congestion, Level of Service, Traffic Volume, Free Flow Speed
Addressing Load Factor Issues at BIJB Airport: Critical Factors in Mode Selection and Airport Choice
The West Java International Airport (BIJB) Kertajati was designed to alleviate passenger congestion at the Husein Sastranegara Airport in Bandung. Despite its capacity to serve 5.6 million passengers annually, BIJB has experienced low occupancy rates since its inauguration in 2018. This study investigates the factors influencing passengers' decisions to use BIJB Kertajati, focusing on issues such as airfare, baggage fees, limited flight routes, and the airport's accessibility. The research evaluates the impact of the Cisumdawu Toll Road on airport preference and explores demographic factors, including profession, income, and travel purpose. Data was collected via surveys from five key cities in West Java's catchment area, and statistical analysis, including the Chi-Square Test of Independence, was used to assess relationships between variables. Results indicate that fare policies, accessibility, and travel purposes significantly affect airport choice. The study concludes that improving infrastructure, reducing airfares, and increasing flight frequency could enhance BIJB's load factor, making it a more competitive option for travelers in the region
Compliance of Standard Signages Provision based on Visual Inspection at Primary School Zones in Johor
This study investigates the compliance of road signage with standard safety provisions in primary school zones across Johor, Malaysia. With school zones being a focal point for child pedestrian safety, the presence of adequate signage is crucial to minimizing accidents and promoting compliance with traffic laws. Using a road safety audit approach, including both on-foot and drive-through inspections, data were collected from ten schools located near major roads. The study followed the MeTRA guideline to assess the availability and condition of road signage. Results showed a concerning 50% compliance rate, with only one school meeting all signage requirements. The findings reveal recurring issues such as missing signs, inadequate road infrastructure, and poor pedestrian facilities, posing significant risks to schoolchildren. The study concludes that both improving the physical road environment and educating students on safe road practices are essential steps towards enhancing road safety in school zones.
Demographic Profiles and Risk Perception of Motorcycle Riders Commuting to Work in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
This research aims to determine the demographic characteristics of motorcycle riders who use their motorcycles to commute to work. The survey was disseminated to 776 individuals employed by Boon Siew Honda in Batu Kawan, in the Penang State of Malaysia, and collected over time. The survey indicates a higher proportion of male employees who commute to work using motorcycles than females. Employees aged 25 to 34 preferred to commute using their motorcycles. The majority of personnel have over 20 years of riding experience. The riders commute for at least 1 to 2 hours each day for work. The demographic profile of employees working in Penang state in Malaysia is first to be examined. This analysis will provide valuable information about the demographic profiles of company employees, which can be used to improve transport planning in the future.
Analysis of NMT Users on Social, Economic and Cultural Characteristics Relating to Transport Mode System Integration
Walking and cycling, as non-motorized transportation (NMT), are expected to reduce transportation problems such as congestion and improve the quality of life. However, NMT has a lot of limitations such as low vehicle speed which causes time inefficiencies, low accessibility, and in-compatible with door-to-door travel. This research aims to discover the development of NMT in terms of its mode integration system and analyze the social, economic, and cultural aspects underpinning NMT's future growth. The method used in this study is analyzing conditions with tables and graphs with explanatory analysis. Based on the results, sidewalk damage occurred almost evenly in the pedestrian facilities. NMT facilities will be developed based on the number of pedestrians and additional width required based on the land use. The study of the mode integration system is based on the results of the transit point survey, it is planned that there will be an addition of stops on the roads reviewed. Economic, social, and cultural aspects show a positive perspective on existing conditions.
Investigating the Effects of Weather on Traffic Volume and Speed at the Intra-Urban Expressways
This study analyzes the relationship between vehicle speed and traffic volume on Malaysia's urban expressways under varying weather conditions, particularly focusing on the effects of adverse weather on driving behavior and traffic dynamics. Using advanced radar technology, specifically the SpeedLane™ Pro Counter Classifier, traffic data was collected on the Intra-Urban Expressway in Klang Valley. The data, which includes real-time and historical information on speed, volume, and weather conditions, was compared between dry and rainy days. The findings revealed a significant correlation between adverse weather conditions. They reduced traffic volume and vehicle speed, emphasizing the impact of Malaysia's tropical monsoon seasons on driving behavior and road safety. The study concludes that such weather conditions pose a safety risk to road users, highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate these effects. It recommends further research to assess the broader impact of adverse weather on road safety. It suggests continuously using advanced traffic monitoring technologies to improve traffic management under varying weather conditions.
A Survey on E-hailing and Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) services as First Last Mile Mode in Putrajaya
Demand-responsive transport (DRT) services, which include shared ride sourcing and microtransit, provide a flexible travel option that could complement traditional fixed transit (FT) systems. By combining on-demand and fixed-route services, there is potential for enhanced mobility and expanded service coverage. However, it is still unclear whether DRT services actually achieve these expected benefits. As of March 7, 2023, the Land Public Transport Agency (APAD) of Malaysia's Ministry of Transport has registered 16 e-hailing companies operating in the country. There are currently about 70,000 vehicles providing e-hailing services in the Klang Valley area. In Malaysia, an e-hailing vehicle is defined as a motor vehicle with 4 to 11 seats (including the driver) used to transport passengers for a fare. Fares may be paid by individual passengers or collectively for shared rides along the same route, and each ride must be pre-booked through a mobile app operated by a registered company. Since the introduction of the MyTeksi App in 2012 (which rebranded as Grab in 2016), e-hailing services have become a key part of the public transport system in the Klang Valley. These services have improved accessibility to Rail Transit stations, serving as a First-Last Mile solution. However, urban transport planners are concerned that e-hailing services may not effectively reduce the number of motor vehicles on the roads, which continues to contribute to severe traffic congestion during peak hours. Ensuring effective first-last mile transportation is crucial for developing a sustainable transport system. However, many residents struggle with issues such as connectivity, morning rush hour congestion, and limited transport options. In this study, we analyzed the transportation modes of residents in Putrajaya, using data collected from on-site surveys. We investigated both individual-level and contextual factors affecting first-last mile travel behavior. Our findings indicate that 46% of Putrajaya residents are using e-hailing and DRT services currently. Results also shows that the top two highest trip purposes, working trip and leisure trip has different peak demand hours. Most of the Putrajaya residents use e-hailing and DRT for first-last mile trips. More than half of the private vehicles users in Putrajaya are willing to use e-hailing and DRT if the current service are improved.
Obstacles Faced by People with Disabilities (PWD) in Higher Education Institutions on the East Coast of Malaysia
People with disabilities (PWD) are a part of society and have the right to equality in terms of rights and opportunities to live their lives like other members of society. Therefore, a rights-based and protective approach must be implemented to ensure the interests and well-being of PWD are safeguarded. One of the main aspects of special education is the provision of adequate facilities. The lack of facilities for PWD in higher education institutions has prevented them from enjoying a comfortable and fulfilling life like other students. The objective of this study is to examine the facility barriers faced by PWD students in higher education institutions (HEIs). Accessibility is an important aspect of the construction industry because emphasizing accessibility can reduce the problems faced by PWD both inside and outside of buildings, whether they are government or private-owned, and so on. Although there are several related acts, they are still insufficient to address the various problems of facility shortages experienced by this group. This study aims to provide PWD with the opportunity to enjoy a more comfortable life and use all the facilities provided like everyone else. This study was conducted at a higher education institution in the East Coast using a qualitative method, specifically in-depth interviews. The results of the study indicate that facilities for PWD in every building are still inadequate and require immediate improvement to enhance the quality of the facilities and ensure the comfort of PWD in receiving quality education.
Evaluation of Non-Compliance Road Furniture on The Road Safety Aspect in the Urban Area. A Case Study of Jalan Kinta District FT001 (Section 606.85 to 607.85) State of Perak Darul Ridzuan
Over 2016-2023, road crash data in Malaysia exhibited a consistent upward trend, with a temporary decline during the COVID-19 pandemic attributed to reduced road users. This study investigates non- compliance road furniture and analyses its correlation with road accidents in Perak, Malaysia, along FT001 from Section 606.85 to 607.85. The study includes spot speed and traffic volume analysis using data from the Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) Kinta District. Findings indicate that 37% of non-compliance road furniture requires urgent attention. However, weak and statistically insignificant correlations were observed between non-compliance road furniture and road accidents in the area, supporting previous research by MIROS emphasizing the human factor as the primary contributor to road safety 80% and followed by other factors.
Non-compliance road furniture and Road Safety
Skid Resistance Measuring Techniques Using Portable Testing Tools for Road Application
Pavement skid resistance is another highway element that has a direct impact on driving safety. Adequate pavement skid resistance is a key requirement for safe road operations. Poor safety pavement happened due to less friction between vehicle tyres and pavement that cause problems for driver to control vehicle in proper movement and direction. The conventional measurement and prediction of the skid resistance apparatus is a highly challenging due to rapid development that. Thus, this article elaborated on state-of-art of the recent progress of testing apparatuses and evaluation techniques concerning for skid resistance was illustrated in detail in term of mechanism, measurement, methods and application. Measurement techniques of skid resistance in situ such as. The current advances for skid resistance of asphalt pavement from recognized research works are summarized. This manuscript recommends a few key research directions such as the gap between current and conventional portable apparatus of skid resistance should be linked to identify more precise approximation of frictional pavement properties in the phase of testing. Besides that, the article established standard testing procedures for measurement of microtexture and macrotexture of asphalt pavement.
The Safety and Security of P-Hailing Riders in Kedah, Malaysia
P-Hailing presents risks to security and safety. The aims of this study are to determine the demographic composition of Malaysian ride-hailing users, evaluate the difficulties and safety risks associated with this type of labor, and examine the variables that affect these users' ability to supply services. P-hailing users in Malaysia made up the sample population for the questionnaire used to obtain the data. Male users of p-hailing outweighed female users by 97.4%, according to the report. Those between the ages of 18 and 30 made up 75.8% of respondents. In addition, the study discovered that, when it comes to hurdles for P-Hailing riders, COVID-19 infection, accidents, robbery, and physical harassment score highest. The weather condition, robbery, rape, and psychological persecution were among the other difficulties. In addition, using an application or getting interference from a mobile device while riding was one of the risk variables that could raise the danger level. A few riders also concurred that the new delivery location or unfamiliar route might have an impact on the degree of safety risk. The data indicated a variation in the degrees of safety concern over the difficulties of working as a ride-hailing service provider, which were influenced by the fatigue component. A few riders also concurred that the new delivery location or unfamiliar route might have an impact on the degree of safety risk. One element influencing the degree of safety risk among P-Hailing users was the absence of risk management practices while working.
P-hailing; Environmental Conditions; Accident; Physical Persecution
Unfamiliar Route; Fatigue; Risk Mnagament Practices.
private hire vehicle service issues faced by riders of specific study area of Malaysia
Dr. Mohd Khairul Afzan Mohd Lazi Mohd Lazi
Bamboo Technology Improvement in Reinforcement of Embankment
Peat soil known as problematic soil in construction industry and very fibrous due to the presence of a lot of degraded materials and organic matter, which makes it highly compressible, weak at shear strength, and low in bearing capacity. This property renders it unsuitable for use as a foundation or sub-grade since it would have a significant influence on deformation and settling if not properly handled. And lead to occur such as large settlement, failure of pre-and post-construction, and long-term effects in various ways. The objectives of this study are to measure settlement with and without load on the embankment over peat soil. And to investigate performance reinforcement system by using bamboo technology. To overcome this problem, bamboo is recognized as a potential natural reinforcing material for improvement and stabilization of soil. This study was applied three different layers of loads which are each layer consist of 120 kg. Bamboo high rate of biomass production and renewability in sustainably managed bamboo plantations are definitely important features. The behavior of bamboo also helps in increasing its unit weight hence the shear strength and load bearing power. This research project contributes to the advancement of fundamental knowledge in the preparation of reinforcing works on peat soil is compulsory.
Assessment on Existing Speed Bump at Parit Raja
This study was conducted to investigate the dimensions and compliance of the speed bump in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat. It highlights issues like vehicle damage and hindrance to emergency vehicles. The issue emphasizes improper installations, causing safety concerns. The aims of this study were to assess dimensions, compliance and deviations, focusing on contributing to road safety in the selected location (Parit Raja, Malaysia). Manual inspections were conducted, and the measurement was using measuring tape on the selected speed bump. As a result, it is found that the specification of a speed bump at Parit Raja does not follow the compliance of speed bump based on JKR requirements, and it is recommended to make immediate adjustments, monitoring programs, and collaborative efforts for improved road safety.
Flood Inundation Map of Kampung Baru Muafakat Using Satellite Data and GIS Based Analysis
This study uses Geographical Information System (GIS) and satellite data to study the frequently occurring issue of floods in Malaysia, focused on Kampung Baru Muafakat. This study is focused on generating flood extension level in Kampung Baru Muafakat. In this study the appropriate method was used in flood mapping using QGIS to extract contour lines from Digital Terrain Model (DTM) data using the raster extraction tool. The Fill & Sinks method (Wang & Liu) is applied to identify catchment areas, unsupervised land use classification using the Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin (SCP). Isohyet maps are generated using the Inverse Distance Weighted method (IDW) based on rainfall data from CHRS, compared and validated with telemetry station data using the Discrepancy Ratio method. This study using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) for flood depth and area analysis, revealing depths ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 meters, covering 10 out of 64 hectares. The findings add to a complete understanding of flood-prone areas, which will benefit in the development of sustainable urban design and disaster management strategies for Kampung Baru Muafakat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment
GIS-Based Mapping of Flood Vulnerable Areas in Iskandar Puteri
The flooding near the Sultan Ibrahim Stadium on Jalan J4, Jalan Gelang Patah, Iskandar Puteri is attributed to the ongoing development and construction projects near Sungai Danga, impacting the drainage system. The Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) reported that on December 24, 2021, the flood depth on Jalan J4 ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 meters, with heavy rainfall reaching an average of 71 mm within a one-hour period, classified as "very heavy" by DID. This requires an important understanding of the relationship between land use patterns and flood risk for effective mitigation. This project aims to produce flood risk maps using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications and examine the topography and land use class resulting from the data obtained. Global Positioning System (GPS) aids in gathering data for later analysis. Classifying land use using Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin (SCP) analysis and obtaining contours by raster extraction. The results of the study are maps showing flood risk based on categorized land use. This allows authorities to engage in strategic planning aimed at addressing and mitigating the flood issue.
Sheep Bone Powder (SBP) as a Partial Cement Replacement in Concrete
Animal bone take a longer time to be disposed compared to other domestic waste. The indiscriminate of the animal bone in the environment has led the search for the solution by recycling the bone to form a new product in the construction industry such as a partial cement replacement in concrete. Hence, the cement was replaced by weight in mix proportion (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%). The propose of the study is to determine the optimum percentage of Sheep Bone Powder as a partial cement replacement in the concrete and understand its effect on the concrete’s microstructure. To ensure that the objective will be achieve, a combination of deep literature study and data gathered from the laboratory testing is necessary. The literature review provides an insight about the previous study to support the data collection. The data was obtained from the compressive strength test and SEM-EDX analysis on sample sized for C30 grade concrete. The mix proportion used is 1:1.8:3.2 with 0.5 of water cement ratio. The cube sample with dimension of 100mm x 100mm x 100mm were used and tested after cured in water for 7 days and 28 days. The study concludes that 8% SBP is the optimum proportion, exhibiting the highest compressive strength which is 35MPa and shows a favourable microstructure. Furthermore, the result shows that if the SBP powder increase, the workability of concrete also increased. Following the findings, a several recommendations being proposed to improve the concrete performance. These suggestions have a potential to improve the concrete properties and can help to minimize the environment impact.
Influence of Traffic Conditions on Pedestrian Crossing Decision at Urban Street Crosswalk
This study investigates pedestrian decision-making at urban roadcrossing using a mixed-methods approach, incorporating surveys, onsite observations, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Binary Logistic Regression. Key findings reveal physical and psychosocial factors, such as the type of vehicle, presence of pedestrians, and traffic volume, significantly influence pedestrian choices. EFA identifies two major elements impacting decisions, while Binary Logistic Regression verifies their predictive potential. High traffic volume deters crossings, suggesting a need for congestion reduction, while positive coefficients for vehicle speeding, yielding behavior, and raised crosswalks encourage crossings. The study recommends evidence-based interventions, including traffic calming measures and awareness campaigns, to enhance pedestrian safety and traffic flow.
Impact of Roof Shape on Pedestrian-Level Wind Speed by Using CFD Modelling
The comfort, safety, and usability of urban and outdoor environments are all impacted by pedestrian-level wind (PLW). However, in Malaysia, the wind speed is low. This can lead to discomfort for the pedestrian. Previous studies have investigated the effects of roof shape design on improving pedestrian-level mean wind speed (PLMWS). Thus, this study aims to examine and analyse how different roof shapes affect PLW speed in urban environments. The employed validation process determines the robustness of the simulation. The study shows that the mean wind speed around multiple buildings with wedged roof designs is the highest ratio at PLMWS around the Eco Tropics commercial area. One of the more significant findings from this study is that wedged roof design shows the optimum performance followed by a vaulted roof, gable roof, and flat roof towards PLMWS around multiple buildings with similar heights. Furthermore, the findings showed that the design of the roof shape had an effect on the mean wind speed at pedestrian-level.
Assessment of Intersection Capacity at Persiaran Pulai Perdana
This study analyzes the operational performance of the four intersections along Jalan Persiaran Pulai Perdana in Johor during peak hours in 2023. Researchers meticulously measure traffic volume in both morning and evening peak periods, using SIDRA version 8 for data analysis. The current 4-leg intersection exhibits movement issues in most lanes, leading to inefficiency and congestion, with researchers studying Level of Service (LOS) F for potential improvements. To optimize future traffic flow, enhancing capacity and LOS for most lanes is crucial, prioritizing strategic enhancements for congestion relief. Adopting these strategies ensures a more streamlined and effective transportation system, promising a convenient travel experience. If a flyover replaces the current four-way intersection, LOS could improve from F to a more favorable A or B grade. This planning initiative is driven by time constraints, emphasizing the urgent need to address road challenges. The project aims to benefit Majlis Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri (MBIP) by enhancing traffic management along Jalan Persiaran Pulai Perdana, leading to a more efficient and safer transportation system.
Investigation of Marshall Properties of HMA Rubberised Asphalt Mixture
Asphalt pavements are critical components of contemporary transportation infrastructure, providing long-lasting and cost-effective road surfaces. Traditional asphalt mixtures, on the other hand, are prone to cracking, rutting, and ageing, resulting in early pavement deterioration. Alternatively, researchers have investigated the use of crumb rubber obtained from recycled tyres in asphalt mixes. This study aims to determine the ideal proportion of crumb rubber in the asphalt mixture in order to produce mechanical features such as higher resistance to cracking and rutting, increased durability, and decreased environmental effect. The Marshall stability, flow, air voids, bulk density, and indirect tensile strength of asphalt mixes are among the key factors researched. This study's results add to a better understanding of the impact of bitumen content on the performance of gap-graded HMA mixes with crumb rubber. The findings may be utilized to improve bitumen concentration in future mix designs while keeping desirable performance criteria and environmental factors in mind. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the viability of using crumb rubber as a sustainable addition in asphalt pavement construction, increasing waste material reuse and lowering the environmental effect of the transportation industry.
Effects of Ordinary Portland Cement in Parit Haji Ali Peat Soil on Compression Strength
Peat is categorised as a soft soil due to its high porosity, extreme compressibility, high squeezability, and low shear strength. In recent years, adding Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to improve its properties and enhance its strength has been establish in saveral places. However, the optimum amount of OPC required to stabilised every peat is different depend on its properties. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effects of OPC on Parit Haji Hali peat and find the optimum value of OPC required to stabilize the peat. A few laboratory test were performed to investigate the fundamental characteristics of raw peat soil, including humification level, moisture content, organic content, liquid limit, specific gravity, fibre content, and pH. Then, the Unconfined Compresssive Strength test were perform on treated samples with two diffrent binder content (300 kg/m3 and 350 kg/m3) and different curing period (7,14 and 14 days) with a target of 50 kPa. The results showed the optimum cement dosage 300 and 3500 kg/m3 for Parit Haji Ali hemic peat was sufficient to achieve the target strength of 56.88 and 67.54 kPa at 7 days, respectively. The comparison of unconfined compressive strengths in treated peat with densities of 300 kg/m³ and 350 kg/m³ consistently demonstrates higher strength values associated with the increased binder density and curing period.
Evaluation of Soil Nail Slope Stability Using SLOPE/W and PLAXIS 2D Software
One crucial factor in geotechnical engineering is slope stability. Certain specialized software can be used in the geotechnical field for performing slope stability assessments. Nevertheless, the outcomes produced by any type of software could be differ. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the slope stability findings produced by the SLOPE/W and PLAXIS 2D software. Investigations were conducted into the effects of changing the embankment height (4, 6, and 8 meters) and soil nail angle (0, 15, and 30 degrees). The findings demonstrate that, for both software, the safety factor results for soil slopes strengthened with soil nails are greater than 1. In every scenario, a soil nail inclination of 30° yielded the safest slope, with the maximum FOS value recorded at 3.243. However, based on FOS values of 0.953 and 0.862, the natural slopes at heights of 6 and 8 meters are unstable. In conclusion, the FOS findings obtained from using SLOPE/W and PLAXIS 2D software are quite similar.
The Facilities-Related Issues in Public University Buildings: A Case Study at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
Public universities, exemplified by Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), must prioritize the upkeep of well-maintained and modern facilities, encompassing classrooms, laboratories, and libraries, to cultivate an optimal learning environment fostering both student success and a sense of community. The objectives included identifying these issues, understanding their consequences on users, and proposing preventive measures to address them. Neglecting challenges such as insufficient space, outdated equipment, and accessibility issues can detrimentally affect the quality of education and research, impacting students and staff alike. The study at UTHM employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a structured questionnaire with 240 respondents, analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. The findings, ranked by the Relative Importance Index (RII), underscored safety, health, and well-being as the top consequences of facilities-related issues, with an RII value of 0.91. Following closely was the potential decrease in the university's reputation and image, registering an RII value of 0.90, while impacts on comfort and extracurricular activities ranked lower with an RII value of 0.83. Lastly, the research emphasizes the pivotal role of a robust maintenance department in proactively managing and enhancing problem-solving capabilities to address building-related issues, safeguarding the overall condition, safety, and functionality of university facilities. Neglecting these issues not only jeopardizes safety and well-being but also entails significant financial implications, underscoring the importance of comprehensive preventive measures in the context of public university infrastructure like UTHM.
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
Unsafe Action on Construction Sites: Identifying Behaviors and Influencing Factors
The study aims to identify unsafe actions and factors that influence their behavior. Workers' irresponsibility is responsible for 80% of accidents. Between January and November 2022, 148 accidents and injuries occurred in the construction industry. Cakna Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. is constructing an additional building for college matriculation minorities in Kelantan, covering 107 acres and 36,698.05 m2. A survey questionnaire was administered to gather data on the workers at Cakna Enterprise Sdn Bhd. The analysis of surveys found that the most unsafe act on the site was to deny orders. With a mean reading of 3.34, time pressure is the working factor that achieves the highest mean reading. Roughly 90% of participants concurred that a significant contributing element to the work factor was time stress. This is due to the need to boost output. When a job is prepared more quickly than it needs to be, employees will choose to take risks to save time and boost output.
IoT Based Water Tank Level and Turbidity Detection and Monitoring System
Addressing the need for efficient water monitoring in terms of volume and turbidity in residential settings, an IoT-based solution is proposed. Utilizing Blynk apps for smartphone integration, the system employs ultrasonic and turbidity sensors to accurately measure water levels and quality in residential tanks. The collected data is transmitted to a microcontroller, processed, and displayed on a smartphone for user convenience. The project focuses on comprehensive design, prototype development, and usability analysis, aiming to promote water conservation, optimize tank management and ensure a continuous supply of clean water. The user-friendly interface enables real-time monitoring and customizable alerts, empowering homeowners to safeguard their water supply and mitigate issues related to shortages and contamination.