Analisis Hujah Al-Quran dan Hadis Berkaitan Orang Mati Boleh Mendengar Kata-kata Orang Hidup

Analysis of Quranic and Hadith Arguments Regarding the Dead Being Able to Hear the Words of the Living

Abstract

Malay:

Perdebatan mengenai sama ada orang mati boleh mendengar kata-kata orang hidup merupakan isu klasik dalam khazanah keilmuan Islam yang terus relevan dalam konteks masyarakat Muslim kontemporari di Malaysia, khususnya apabila ia dikaitkan dengan amalan keagamaan yang berpotensi menyimpang daripada prinsip tauhid, seperti pemujaan kubur dan permohonan kepada selain Allah SWT. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritikal pandangan para ulama berkaitan isu pendengaran orang mati, serta menilai kekuatan hujah setiap pandangan melalui pendekatan tarjih berasaskan dalil al-Quran, hadis, dan kaedah istidlal yang muktabar. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan analisis kandungan terhadap ayat al-Quran dan hadis dalam disiplin akidah dan tafsir. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pandangan ulama terbahagi kepada dua aliran utama, iaitu golongan yang menetapkan kemampuan orang mati untuk mendengar dalam keadaan tertentu berdasarkan nas-nas khusus, dan golongan yang menafikan kemampuan tersebut secara umum berasaskan dalil-dalil yang menegaskan hasil hubungan antara alam hidup dan alam barzakh. Analisis kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan ini berpunca daripada pendekatan kaedah yang berbeza dalam memahami teks wahyu, khususnya antara kitab-kitab tafsir. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada wacana akidah di Malaysia dengan analisa pandangan ulama’ berdasarkan al-Quran dan hadis, sekali gus membantu memperjelas batasan akidah yang sahih dalam menangani amalan keagamaan masyarakat.

English:

The debate on whether the dead can hear the words of the living is a classic issue in Islamic scholarship that continues to be relevant in the context of contemporary Muslim society in Malaysia, especially when it is associated with religious practices that potentially deviate from the principle of monotheism, such as grave worship and supplication to others than Allah SWT. This study aims to critically analyse the views of scholars on the issue of hearing the dead, as well as evaluate the strength of the arguments of each view through a tarjih approach based on evidence from the Quran, hadith, and the method of istidlal that is muktabar. This study employs a qualitative methodology, utilising document analysis and content analysis of verses from the Quran and hadith in the disciplines of aqidah and tafsir. The study findings reveal that scholars' views are divided into two main schools: those who establish the ability of the dead to hear under certain circumstances, based on specific texts, and those who deny such ability in general, based on evidence that asserts the relationship between the living world and the barzakh world. The study analysis found that this difference stems from different methodological approaches in understanding the text of revelation, especially between the books of tafsir. This study contributes to the discourse on faith in Malaysia by analysing the views of scholars based on the Quran and hadith, thus helping to clarify the boundaries of valid faith in dealing with the religious practices of society.